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ConnectionMaker.swift

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  • client.go 25.22 KiB
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Copyright © 2020 xx network SEZC                                          //
    //                                                                           //
    // Use of this source code is governed by a license that can be found in the //
    // LICENSE file                                                              //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
    package api
    
    import (
    	"encoding/json"
    	"github.com/pkg/errors"
    	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/auth"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/interfaces"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/interfaces/params"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/interfaces/preimage"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/interfaces/user"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/keyExchange"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/network"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/registration"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/stoppable"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/storage"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/storage/edge"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/client/switchboard"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/comms/client"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/crypto/cyclic"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/crypto/fastRNG"
    	"gitlab.com/elixxir/primitives/version"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/comms/connect"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/crypto/csprng"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/crypto/large"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/crypto/signature/rsa"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/primitives/id"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/primitives/ndf"
    	"gitlab.com/xx_network/primitives/region"
    	"math"
    	"time"
    )
    
    const followerStoppableName = "client"
    
    type Client struct {
    	//generic RNG for client
    	rng *fastRNG.StreamGenerator
    	// the storage session securely stores data to disk and memoizes as is
    	// appropriate
    	storage *storage.Session
    	//the switchboard is used for inter-process signaling about received messages
    	switchboard *switchboard.Switchboard
    	//object used for communications
    	comms *client.Comms
    	// Network parameters
    	parameters params.Network
    
    	// note that the manager has a pointer to the context in many cases, but
    	// this interface allows it to be mocked for easy testing without the
    	// loop
    	network interfaces.NetworkManager
    	//object used to register and communicate with permissioning
    	permissioning *registration.Registration
    	//object containing auth interactions
    	auth *auth.Manager
    
    	//services system to track running threads
    	followerServices *services
    
    	clientErrorChannel chan interfaces.ClientError
    
    	// Event reporting in event.go
    	events *eventManager
    }
    
    // NewClient creates client storage, generates keys, connects, and registers
    // with the network. Note that this does not register a username/identity, but
    // merely creates a new cryptographic identity for adding such information
    // at a later date.
    func NewClient(ndfJSON, storageDir string, password []byte,
    	registrationCode string) error {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("NewClient(dir: %s)", storageDir)
    	// Use fastRNG for RNG ops (AES fortuna based RNG using system RNG)
    	rngStreamGen := fastRNG.NewStreamGenerator(12, 1024, csprng.NewSystemRNG)
    
    	// Parse the NDF
    	def, err := parseNDF(ndfJSON)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	cmixGrp, e2eGrp := decodeGroups(def)
    	start := time.Now()
    	protoUser := createNewUser(rngStreamGen, cmixGrp, e2eGrp)
    	jww.DEBUG.Printf("User generation took: %s", time.Now().Sub(start))
    
    	_, err = checkVersionAndSetupStorage(def, storageDir, password, protoUser,
    		cmixGrp, e2eGrp, rngStreamGen, false, registrationCode)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	//TODO: close the session
    	return nil
    }
    
    // NewPrecannedClient creates an insecure user with predetermined keys with nodes
    // It creates client storage, generates keys, connects, and registers
    // with the network. Note that this does not register a username/identity, but
    // merely creates a new cryptographic identity for adding such information
    // at a later date.
    func NewPrecannedClient(precannedID uint, defJSON, storageDir string,
    	password []byte) error {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("NewPrecannedClient()")
    	// Use fastRNG for RNG ops (AES fortuna based RNG using system RNG)
    	rngStreamGen := fastRNG.NewStreamGenerator(12, 1024, csprng.NewSystemRNG)
    	rngStream := rngStreamGen.GetStream()
    
    	// Parse the NDF
    	def, err := parseNDF(defJSON)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    	cmixGrp, e2eGrp := decodeGroups(def)
    
    	protoUser := createPrecannedUser(precannedID, rngStream, cmixGrp, e2eGrp)
    
    	_, err = checkVersionAndSetupStorage(def, storageDir, password, protoUser,
    		cmixGrp, e2eGrp, rngStreamGen, true, "")
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    	//TODO: close the session
    	return nil
    }
    
    // NewVanityClient creates a user with a receptionID that starts with the supplied prefix
    // It creates client storage, generates keys, connects, and registers
    // with the network. Note that this does not register a username/identity, but
    // merely creates a new cryptographic identity for adding such information
    // at a later date.
    func NewVanityClient(ndfJSON, storageDir string, password []byte,
    	registrationCode string, userIdPrefix string) error {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("NewVanityClient()")
    	// Use fastRNG for RNG ops (AES fortuna based RNG using system RNG)
    	rngStreamGen := fastRNG.NewStreamGenerator(12, 1024, csprng.NewSystemRNG)
    	rngStream := rngStreamGen.GetStream()
    
    	// Parse the NDF
    	def, err := parseNDF(ndfJSON)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    	cmixGrp, e2eGrp := decodeGroups(def)
    
    	protoUser := createNewVanityUser(rngStream, cmixGrp, e2eGrp, userIdPrefix)
    
    	_, err = checkVersionAndSetupStorage(def, storageDir, password, protoUser,
    		cmixGrp, e2eGrp, rngStreamGen, false, registrationCode)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	//TODO: close the session
    	return nil
    }
    
    // OpenClient session, but don't connect to the network or log in
    func OpenClient(storageDir string, password []byte, parameters params.Network) (*Client, error) {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("OpenClient()")
    	// Use fastRNG for RNG ops (AES fortuna based RNG using system RNG)
    	rngStreamGen := fastRNG.NewStreamGenerator(12, 1024, csprng.NewSystemRNG)
    
    	// Get current client version
    	currentVersion, err := version.ParseVersion(SEMVER)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "Could not parse version string.")
    	}
    
    	// Load Storage
    	passwordStr := string(password)
    	storageSess, err := storage.Load(storageDir, passwordStr, currentVersion,
    		rngStreamGen)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	// Set up a new context
    	c := &Client{
    		storage:            storageSess,
    		switchboard:        switchboard.New(),
    		rng:                rngStreamGen,
    		comms:              nil,
    		network:            nil,
    		followerServices:   newServices(),
    		parameters:         parameters,
    		clientErrorChannel: make(chan interfaces.ClientError, 1000),
    		events:             newEventManager(),
    	}
    
    	return c, nil
    }
    
    // NewProtoClient_Unsafe initializes a client object from a JSON containing
    // predefined cryptographic which defines a user. This is designed for some
    // specific deployment procedures and is generally unsafe.
    func NewProtoClient_Unsafe(ndfJSON, storageDir string, password,
    	protoClientJSON []byte) error {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("NewProtoClient_Unsafe")
    
    	// Use fastRNG for RNG ops (AES fortuna based RNG using system RNG)
    	rngStreamGen := fastRNG.NewStreamGenerator(12, 3, csprng.NewSystemRNG)
    
    	// Parse the NDF
    	def, err := parseNDF(ndfJSON)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	cmixGrp, e2eGrp := decodeGroups(def)
    
    	// Pull the proto user from the JSON
    	protoUser := &user.Proto{}
    	err = json.Unmarshal(protoClientJSON, protoUser)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	// Initialize a user object for storage set up
    	usr := user.NewUserFromProto(protoUser)
    
    	// Set up storage
    	storageSess, err := checkVersionAndSetupStorage(def, storageDir, password, usr,
    		cmixGrp, e2eGrp, rngStreamGen, false, protoUser.RegCode)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	// Set registration values in storage
    	storageSess.User().SetReceptionRegistrationValidationSignature(protoUser.ReceptionRegValidationSig)
    	storageSess.User().SetTransmissionRegistrationValidationSignature(protoUser.TransmissionRegValidationSig)
    	storageSess.User().SetRegistrationTimestamp(protoUser.RegistrationTimestamp)
    
    	//move the registration state to indicate registered with registration on proto client
    	err = storageSess.ForwardRegistrationStatus(storage.PermissioningComplete)
    	if err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	return nil
    }
    
    // Login initializes a client object from existing storage.
    func Login(storageDir string, password []byte, parameters params.Network) (*Client, error) {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("Login()")
    
    	//Open the client
    	c, err := OpenClient(storageDir, password, parameters)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	u := c.storage.GetUser()
    	jww.INFO.Printf("Client Logged in: \n\tTransmisstionID: %s "+
    		"\n\tReceptionID: %s", u.TransmissionID, u.ReceptionID)
    
    	// initialize comms
    	err = c.initComms()
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	//get the NDF to pass into registration and the network manager
    	def := c.storage.GetNDF()
    
    	//initialize registration
    	if def.Registration.Address != "" {
    		err = c.initPermissioning(def)
    		if err != nil {
    			return nil, err
    		}
    	} else {
    		jww.WARN.Printf("Registration with permissioning skipped due to " +
    			"blank permissioning address. Client will not be able to register " +
    			"or track network.")
    	}
    
    	if def.Notification.Address != "" {
    		hp := connect.GetDefaultHostParams()
    		// Client will not send KeepAlive packets
    		hp.KaClientOpts.Time = time.Duration(math.MaxInt64)
    		hp.AuthEnabled = false
    		hp.MaxRetries = 5
    		_, err = c.comms.AddHost(&id.NotificationBot, def.Notification.Address,
    			[]byte(def.Notification.TlsCertificate), hp)
    		if err != nil {
    			jww.WARN.Printf("Failed adding host for notifications: %+v", err)
    		}
    	}
    
    	// Initialize network and link it to context
    	c.network, err = network.NewManager(c.storage, c.switchboard, c.rng,
    		c.events, c.comms, parameters, def)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	// initialize the auth tracker
    	c.auth = auth.NewManager(c.switchboard, c.storage, c.network)
    
    	// Add all processes to the followerServices
    	err = c.registerFollower()
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	return c, nil
    }
    
    // LoginWithNewBaseNDF_UNSAFE initializes a client object from existing storage
    // while replacing the base NDF.  This is designed for some specific deployment
    // procedures and is generally unsafe.
    func LoginWithNewBaseNDF_UNSAFE(storageDir string, password []byte,
    	newBaseNdf string, parameters params.Network) (*Client, error) {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("LoginWithNewBaseNDF_UNSAFE()")
    
    	// Parse the NDF
    	def, err := parseNDF(newBaseNdf)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	//Open the client
    	c, err := OpenClient(storageDir, password, parameters)
    
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	//initialize comms
    	err = c.initComms()
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	//store the updated base NDF
    	c.storage.SetNDF(def)
    
    	//initialize registration
    	if def.Registration.Address != "" {
    		err = c.initPermissioning(def)
    		if err != nil {
    			return nil, err
    		}
    	} else {
    		jww.WARN.Printf("Registration with permissioning skipped due to " +
    			"blank permissionign address. Client will not be able to register " +
    			"or track network.")
    	}
    
    	// Initialize network and link it to context
    	c.network, err = network.NewManager(c.storage, c.switchboard, c.rng,
    		c.events, c.comms, parameters, def)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	// initialize the auth tracker
    	c.auth = auth.NewManager(c.switchboard, c.storage, c.network)
    
    	err = c.registerFollower()
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	return c, nil
    }
    
    func (c *Client) initComms() error {
    	var err error
    
    	//get the user from session
    	u := c.storage.User()
    	cryptoUser := u.GetCryptographicIdentity()
    
    	//start comms
    	c.comms, err = client.NewClientComms(cryptoUser.GetTransmissionID(),
    		rsa.CreatePublicKeyPem(cryptoUser.GetTransmissionRSA().GetPublic()),
    		rsa.CreatePrivateKeyPem(cryptoUser.GetTransmissionRSA()),
    		cryptoUser.GetTransmissionSalt())
    	if err != nil {
    		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to load client")
    	}
    	return nil
    }
    
    func (c *Client) initPermissioning(def *ndf.NetworkDefinition) error {
    	var err error
    	//initialize registration
    	c.permissioning, err = registration.Init(c.comms, def)
    	if err != nil {
    		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to init "+
    			"permissioning handler")
    	}
    
    	//register with registration if necessary
    	if c.storage.GetRegistrationStatus() == storage.KeyGenComplete {
    		jww.INFO.Printf("Client has not registered yet, attempting registration")
    		err = c.registerWithPermissioning()
    		if err != nil {
    			jww.ERROR.Printf("Client has failed registration: %s", err)
    			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to load client")
    		}
    		jww.INFO.Printf("Client successfully registered with the network")
    	}
    	return nil
    }
    
    // registerFollower adds the follower processes to the client's follower service list.
    // This should only ever be called once
    func (c *Client) registerFollower() error {
    	//build the error callback
    	cer := func(source, message, trace string) {
    		select {
    		case c.clientErrorChannel <- interfaces.ClientError{
    			Source:  source,
    			Message: message,
    			Trace:   trace,
    		}:
    		default:
    			jww.WARN.Printf("Failed to notify about ClientError from %s: %s", source, message)
    		}
    	}
    
    	err := c.followerServices.add(c.events.eventService)
    	if err != nil {
    		return errors.WithMessage(err, "Couldn't start event reporting")
    	}
    
    	//register the core follower service
    	err = c.followerServices.add(func() (stoppable.Stoppable, error) {
    		return c.network.Follow(cer)
    	})
    	if err != nil {
    		return errors.WithMessage(err, "Failed to start following "+
    			"the network")
    	}
    
    	//register the incremental key upgrade service
    	err = c.followerServices.add(c.auth.StartProcesses)
    	if err != nil {
    		return errors.WithMessage(err, "Failed to start following "+
    			"the network")
    	}
    
    	//register the key exchange service
    	keyXchange := func() (stoppable.Stoppable, error) {
    		return keyExchange.Start(c.switchboard, c.storage, c.network, c.parameters.Rekey)
    	}
    	err = c.followerServices.add(keyXchange)
    
    	return nil
    }
    
    // ----- Client Functions -----
    
    // GetErrorsChannel returns a channel which passess errors from the
    // long running threads controlled by StartNetworkFollower and StopNetworkFollower
    func (c *Client) GetErrorsChannel() <-chan interfaces.ClientError {
    	return c.clientErrorChannel
    }
    
    // StartNetworkFollower kicks off the tracking of the network. It starts
    // long running network client threads and returns an object for checking
    // state and stopping those threads.
    // Call this when returning from sleep and close when going back to
    // sleep.
    // These threads may become a significant drain on battery when offline, ensure
    // they are stopped if there is no internet access
    // Threads Started:
    //   - Network Follower (/network/follow.go)
    //   	tracks the network events and hands them off to workers for handling
    //   - Historical Round Retrieval (/network/rounds/historical.go)
    //		Retrieves data about rounds which are too old to be stored by the client
    //	 - Message Retrieval Worker Group (/network/rounds/retrieve.go)
    //		Requests all messages in a given round from the gateway of the last node
    //	 - Message Handling Worker Group (/network/message/handle.go)
    //		Decrypts and partitions messages when signals via the Switchboard
    //	 - Health Tracker (/network/health)
    //		Via the network instance tracks the state of the network
    //	 - Garbled Messages (/network/message/garbled.go)
    //		Can be signaled to check all recent messages which could be be decoded
    //		Uses a message store on disk for persistence
    //	 - Critical Messages (/network/message/critical.go)
    //		Ensures all protocol layer mandatory messages are sent
    //		Uses a message store on disk for persistence
    //	 - KeyExchange Trigger (/keyExchange/trigger.go)
    //		Responds to sent rekeys and executes them
    //   - KeyExchange Confirm (/keyExchange/confirm.go)
    //		Responds to confirmations of successful rekey operations
    //   - Auth Callback (/auth/callback.go)
    //      Handles both auth confirm and requests
    func (c *Client) StartNetworkFollower(timeout time.Duration) error {
    	u := c.GetUser()
    	jww.INFO.Printf("StartNetworkFollower() \n\tTransmissionID: %s "+
    		"\n\tReceptionID: %s", u.TransmissionID, u.ReceptionID)
    
    	return c.followerServices.start(timeout)
    }
    
    // StopNetworkFollower stops the network follower if it is running.
    // It returns errors if the Follower is in the wrong state to stop or if it
    // fails to stop it.
    // if the network follower is running and this fails, the client object will
    // most likely be in an unrecoverable state and need to be trashed.
    func (c *Client) StopNetworkFollower() error {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("StopNetworkFollower()")
    	return c.followerServices.stop()
    }
    
    // NetworkFollowerStatus Gets the state of the network follower. Returns:
    // Stopped 	- 0
    // Starting - 1000
    // Running	- 2000
    // Stopping	- 3000
    func (c *Client) NetworkFollowerStatus() Status {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("NetworkFollowerStatus()")
    	return c.followerServices.status()
    }
    
    // Returns the health tracker for registration and polling
    func (c *Client) GetHealth() interfaces.HealthTracker {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("GetHealth()")
    	return c.network.GetHealthTracker()
    }
    
    // Returns the switchboard for Registration
    func (c *Client) GetSwitchboard() interfaces.Switchboard {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("GetSwitchboard()")
    	return c.switchboard
    }
    
    // RegisterRoundEventsCb registers a callback for round
    // events.
    func (c *Client) GetRoundEvents() interfaces.RoundEvents {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("GetRoundEvents()")
    	jww.WARN.Printf("GetRoundEvents does not handle Client Errors edge case!")
    	return c.network.GetInstance().GetRoundEvents()
    }
    
    // AddService adds a service ot be controlled by the client thread control,
    // these will be started and stopped with the network follower
    func (c *Client) AddService(sp Service) error {
    	return c.followerServices.add(sp)
    }
    
    // GetUser returns the current user Identity for this client. This
    // can be serialized into a byte stream for out-of-band sharing.
    func (c *Client) GetUser() user.User {
    	jww.INFO.Printf("GetUser()")
    	return c.storage.GetUser()
    }
    
    // GetComms returns the client comms object
    func (c *Client) GetComms() *client.Comms {
    	return c.comms
    }
    
    // GetRng returns the client rng object
    func (c *Client) GetRng() *fastRNG.StreamGenerator {
    	return c.rng
    }
    
    // GetStorage returns the client storage object
    func (c *Client) GetStorage() *storage.Session {
    	return c.storage
    }
    
    // GetNetworkInterface returns the client Network Interface
    func (c *Client) GetNetworkInterface() interfaces.NetworkManager {
    	return c.network
    }
    
    // GetNodeRegistrationStatus gets the current state of node registration. It
    // returns the total number of nodes in the NDF and the number of those which
    // are currently registers with. An error is returned if the network is not
    // healthy.
    func (c *Client) GetNodeRegistrationStatus() (int, int, error) {
    	// Return an error if the network is not healthy
    	if !c.GetHealth().IsHealthy() {
    		return 0, 0, errors.New("Cannot get number of node registrations when " +
    			"network is not healthy")
    	}
    
    	nodes := c.GetNetworkInterface().GetInstance().GetPartialNdf().Get().Nodes
    
    	cmixStore := c.storage.Cmix()
    
    	var numRegistered int
    	var numStale = 0
    	for i, n := range nodes {
    		nid, err := id.Unmarshal(n.ID)
    		if err != nil {
    			return 0, 0, errors.Errorf("Failed to unmarshal node ID %v "+
    				"(#%d): %s", n.ID, i, err.Error())
    		}
    		if n.Status == ndf.Stale {
    			numStale += 1
    			continue
    		}
    		if cmixStore.Has(nid) {
    			numRegistered++
    		}
    	}
    
    	// Get the number of in progress node registrations
    	return numRegistered, len(nodes) - numStale, nil
    }
    
    // DeleteContact is a function which removes a partner from Client's storage
    func (c *Client) DeleteContact(partnerId *id.ID) error {
    	jww.DEBUG.Printf("Deleting contact with ID %s", partnerId)
    	//get the partner so they can be removed from preiamge store
    	partner, err := c.storage.E2e().GetPartner(partnerId)
    	if err != nil {
    		return errors.WithMessagef(err, "Could not delete %s because "+
    			"they could not be found", partnerId)
    	}
    	e2ePreimage := partner.GetE2EPreimage()
    	rekeyPreimage := partner.GetRekeyPreimage()
    
    	//delete the partner
    	if err = c.storage.E2e().DeletePartner(partnerId); err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    	//delete the preimages
    	if err = c.storage.GetEdge().Remove(edge.Preimage{
    		Data:   e2ePreimage,
    		Type:   preimage.E2e,
    		Source: partnerId[:],
    	}, c.storage.GetUser().ReceptionID); err != nil {
    		jww.WARN.Printf("Failed delete the preimage for e2e "+
    			"from %s on contact deletion: %+v", partnerId, err)
    	}
    
    	if err = c.storage.GetEdge().Remove(edge.Preimage{
    		Data:   rekeyPreimage,
    		Type:   preimage.Rekey,
    		Source: partnerId[:],
    	}, c.storage.GetUser().ReceptionID); err != nil {
    		jww.WARN.Printf("Failed delete the preimage for rekey "+
    			"from %s on contact deletion: %+v", partnerId, err)
    	}
    
    	if err = c.storage.Auth().Delete(partnerId); err != nil {
    		return err
    	}
    
    	//delete conversations
    	c.storage.Conversations().Delete(partnerId)
    
    	return nil
    }
    
    // SetProxiedBins updates the host pool filter that filters out gateways that
    // are not in one of the specified bins.
    func (c *Client) SetProxiedBins(binStrings []string) error {
    	// Convert each region string into a region.GeoBin and place in a map for
    	// easy lookup
    	bins := make(map[region.GeoBin]bool, len(binStrings))
    	for i, binStr := range binStrings {
    		bin, err := region.GetRegion(binStr)
    		if err != nil {
    			return errors.Errorf("failed to parse geographic bin #%d: %+v", i, err)
    		}
    
    		bins[bin] = true
    	}
    
    	// Create filter func
    	f := func(m map[id.ID]int, netDef *ndf.NetworkDefinition) map[id.ID]int {
    		prunedList := make(map[id.ID]int, len(m))
    		for gwID, i := range m {
    			if bins[netDef.Gateways[i].Bin] {
    				prunedList[gwID] = i
    			}
    		}
    		return prunedList
    	}
    
    	c.network.SetPoolFilter(f)
    
    	return nil
    }
    
    // GetPreferredBins returns the geographic bin or bins that the provided two
    // character country code is a part of.
    func (c *Client) GetPreferredBins(countryCode string) ([]string, error) {
    	// Get the bin that the country is in
    	bin, exists := region.GetCountryBin(countryCode)
    	if !exists {
    		return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to find geographic bin for country %q",
    			countryCode)
    	}
    
    	// Add bin to list of geographic bins
    	bins := []string{bin.String()}
    
    	// Add additional bins in special cases
    	switch bin {
    	case region.SouthAndCentralAmerica:
    		bins = append(bins, region.NorthAmerica.String())
    	case region.MiddleEast:
    		bins = append(bins, region.EasternEurope.String(), region.CentralEurope.String(), region.WesternAsia.String())
    	case region.NorthernAfrica:
    		bins = append(bins, region.WesternEurope.String(), region.CentralEurope.String())
    	case region.SouthernAfrica:
    		bins = append(bins, region.WesternEurope.String(), region.CentralEurope.String())
    	case region.EasternAsia:
    		bins = append(bins, region.WesternAsia.String(), region.Oceania.String(), region.NorthAmerica.String())
    	case region.WesternAsia:
    		bins = append(bins, region.EasternAsia.String(), region.Russia.String(), region.MiddleEast.String())
    	case region.Oceania:
    		bins = append(bins, region.EasternAsia.String(), region.NorthAmerica.String())
    	}
    
    	return bins, nil
    }
    
    // ----- Utility Functions -----
    // parseNDF parses the initial ndf string for the client. do not check the
    // signature, it is deprecated.
    func parseNDF(ndfString string) (*ndf.NetworkDefinition, error) {
    	if ndfString == "" {
    		return nil, errors.New("ndf file empty")
    	}
    
    	netDef, err := ndf.Unmarshal([]byte(ndfString))
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	return netDef, nil
    }
    
    // decodeGroups returns the e2e and cmix groups from the ndf
    func decodeGroups(ndf *ndf.NetworkDefinition) (cmixGrp, e2eGrp *cyclic.Group) {
    	largeIntBits := 16
    
    	//Generate the cmix group
    	cmixGrp = cyclic.NewGroup(
    		large.NewIntFromString(ndf.CMIX.Prime, largeIntBits),
    		large.NewIntFromString(ndf.CMIX.Generator, largeIntBits))
    	//Generate the e2e group
    	e2eGrp = cyclic.NewGroup(
    		large.NewIntFromString(ndf.E2E.Prime, largeIntBits),
    		large.NewIntFromString(ndf.E2E.Generator, largeIntBits))
    
    	return cmixGrp, e2eGrp
    }
    
    // checkVersionAndSetupStorage is common code shared by NewClient, NewPrecannedClient and NewVanityClient
    // it checks client version and creates a new storage for user data
    func checkVersionAndSetupStorage(def *ndf.NetworkDefinition,
    	storageDir string, password []byte,
    	protoUser user.User,
    	cmixGrp, e2eGrp *cyclic.Group, rngStreamGen *fastRNG.StreamGenerator,
    	isPrecanned bool, registrationCode string) (*storage.Session, error) {
    	// Get current client version
    	currentVersion, err := version.ParseVersion(SEMVER)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "Could not parse version string.")
    	}
    
    	// Create Storage
    	passwordStr := string(password)
    	storageSess, err := storage.New(storageDir, passwordStr, protoUser,
    		currentVersion, cmixGrp, e2eGrp, rngStreamGen)
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, err
    	}
    
    	// Save NDF to be used in the future
    	storageSess.SetNDF(def)
    
    	if !isPrecanned {
    		//store the registration code for later use
    		storageSess.SetRegCode(registrationCode)
    		//move the registration state to keys generated
    		err = storageSess.ForwardRegistrationStatus(storage.KeyGenComplete)
    	} else {
    		//move the registration state to indicate registered with registration
    		err = storageSess.ForwardRegistrationStatus(storage.PermissioningComplete)
    	}
    
    	//add the request preiamge
    	storageSess.GetEdge().Add(edge.Preimage{
    		Data:   preimage.GenerateRequest(protoUser.ReceptionID),
    		Type:   preimage.Request,
    		Source: protoUser.ReceptionID[:],
    	}, protoUser.ReceptionID)
    
    	if err != nil {
    		return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "Failed to denote state "+
    			"change in session")
    	}
    
    	return storageSess, nil
    }